tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77235345993682457812024-03-14T13:17:12.007+07:00SPSS COURSEThis blog is developed to be a medium for learning and sharing about SPSS use in research activities.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger64125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-31433010816178551392012-11-30T15:31:00.002+07:002012-11-30T15:31:09.210+07:00Change ScoreSince educational research is commonly concerned with learning, change scores or growth scores or difference scores as they are frequently called measure differences in performance between two occasions. Problems arise in the examination of change scores and measurement on more than two occasions is now commonly employed in studies of change or growth.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-50713025074013162862012-09-14T09:37:00.002+07:002012-09-14T09:37:46.036+07:00Ceteris ParibusCeteris paribus is a Latin phrase with the meaning of "all other things being equal".Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-60860883105510166842012-09-14T09:36:00.002+07:002012-09-14T09:36:38.509+07:00Central Limit Theorem The central limit theorem is a statistical proposition that establishes that the larger the sample size, the more closely the distribution of values recorded for the sample will approach a normal distribution. This is true even if the values are not normally distributed in the population from which the sample was drawn.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-81230680365266405732012-09-14T09:35:00.002+07:002012-09-14T09:35:43.142+07:00CensusIn a census, data are collected from an entire population rather than from a sample drawn from that population.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-55136606067769027312012-09-14T09:34:00.004+07:002012-09-14T09:34:53.557+07:00Censored DataIf a set of data is truncated in some way so that certain values are not present, representing cases that were unknown or ignored in the data collection, then the data are said to have been censored.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-6910191390610322912012-09-14T09:33:00.003+07:002012-09-14T09:33:51.299+07:00Causal ModelsIf one event has a recognisable probability of influencing another event, a causal relationship is commonly assumed between the two events, and the former is said to cause the latter. Causation is a concept about which there is great debate. However, no longer is a deterministic approach to causation considered essential for a causal effect to be ascribed, in so far as the second event is always preceded by the first event, and that the first event is always followed by the second event. It is sufficient for the relationship between the two events to be expressed in terms of probabilities. In order to attribute a causal relationship between event A and event B, three conditions are necessary, but not sufficient: (a) B must not precede A in time, (b) A and B must covary together to a recognisable degree, and (c) no alternative explanation accounts as well as or better for the covariation between A and B. Where more than two events are under consideration, the relationships between the events may be expressed in the form of a causal model, which may be submitted to tests of coherence and consistency, and the parameters of the model estimated to examine whether or not they are significantly different from zero.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-68630500787831619882012-09-14T09:32:00.002+07:002012-09-14T09:32:36.039+07:00Categorical Variable A categorical variable differs from a continuous or categorised variable in that the data associated with the variable fall into discrete or nominal categories, which do not have associated with them an underlying continuous distribution. Such data are referred to as categorical data or nominal data.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-48124183842470837422012-09-14T09:30:00.002+07:002012-09-14T09:31:20.568+07:00Case Study MethodsCase study methods involve the assembling of information about one or more cases, which may be an individual person, a classroom, a school, a district, a curriculum, an event or a country. The purpose of the collection of information is to examine the processes involved within each case, and where possible to make comparisons with the processes operating within other cases.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-44615718867225571012012-03-01T15:49:00.002+07:002012-03-01T15:51:26.041+07:00Canonical Analysis(1) Canonical analysis involves a family of procedures of multivariate analysis in which relationships between two sets of variables are examined. Included in the family of procedures are canonical correlation analysis (see below), discriminant analysis, MANOVA, multiple regression analysis.<br />
<br />
(2) Canonical correlation analysis examines the relationships between two sets of variables using least squares estimation procedures. This basic procedure is modified when undertaking the different analyses within the family referred to above.Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-46612933626040305102012-03-01T15:47:00.000+07:002012-03-01T15:47:23.849+07:00Box and Whisker PlotA box and whisker plot is a graphical representation of a distribution of values showing the mean, median, the upper and lower quartiles (called hinges), and the whiskers which extend beyond the hinges, together with outlier and extreme values, which enable the systematic comparison of two or more distributions.Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-49929788286859563242012-01-07T12:57:00.000+07:002012-01-07T12:57:03.296+07:00Bootstrap ProcedureThe bootstrap procedure was proposed by Effron in order to estimate the standard errors of a sample for those statistics and for those sampling distributions where a conventional formula could not be used. It is increasingly being employed for complex and highly stratified samples, and for statistics whose sampling distribution is not known. The procedure involves multiple sampling at random with replacement from among the primary sampling units, to obtain the specified number of primary sampling units and a very large distribution of estimated values. The mean and standard deviation of the estimated values of the distribution so obtained are taken as the mean and standard deviation respectively of the estimated statistic.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-31056395304236517062011-12-31T09:07:00.001+07:002011-12-31T09:09:09.178+07:00Bonferroni Test StatisticIn the testing of multiple comparisons in analysis of variance and regression analysis it is necessary to make allowance for the fact that the comparisons are not independent of one another. This allowance is made by multiplying the probability estimate by the number of comparisons involved. Also referred to as the Dunn multiple comparison test, although initially the test was proposed by R.A. Fisher.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-474075850632678142011-12-03T13:05:00.000+07:002011-12-03T13:05:37.518+07:00Bivariate AnalysisBivariate analysis Where only two variables are considered at any one time in the analysis of data, the type of analysis is referred to as bivariate analysis. Commonly a large number of bivariate relationships are estimated by the same analytical procedure which produces bivariate correlation coefficients, or bivariate regression coefficients, or chi-square statistics.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995<br />
<br />Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-6560801055888222011-11-19T07:27:00.001+07:002011-12-03T13:06:06.286+07:00Biserial CorrelationThe correlation coefficient between a dichotomously categorised variable and a continuous variable is referred to as a biserial correlation. In calculating the coefficient, allowance is made to estimate what the correlation would have been if the dichotomous variable had not been categorised and had remained as a continuous variable.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-78007846720505796342011-04-11T05:46:00.000+07:002011-12-03T13:06:37.262+07:00Binomial Distribution<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Binomial-Distribution-Handbook-Scientists-Engineers/dp/0817641297?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Binomial Distribution Handbook for Scientists and Engineers" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=0817641297&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0817641297" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />A binomial variable has two values and is said to be dichotomous (e.g. right, wrong; male, female). The probability distribution of a binomial or dichotomous variable is referred to as the binomial distribution.<br />
<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-15001695779059541882011-04-07T15:34:00.001+07:002011-12-03T13:07:01.507+07:00Bias<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Bias-Causation-Comparisons-Probability-Statistics/dp/0470286393?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Bias and Causation: Models and Judgment for Valid Comparisons (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics)" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=0470286393&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a>(1) The occurrence of systematic error in contrast to random error in an estimated value or relationship involves the presence of bias.<br />
<br />
(2) Bias may also refer to the effect of an identifiable factor that was not expected to influence an estimated value or relationship. <img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0470286393" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" /><br />
<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-88704481735343060502011-03-23T16:44:00.000+07:002011-12-03T13:07:21.488+07:00Analysis of Variance and Covariance<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Students-Guide-Analysis-Variance/dp/0415165652?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="A Student's Guide to Analysis of Variance" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=0415165652&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a>Among the statistical procedures used in the analysis of data are the analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) procedures which require that cases are randomly allocated to treatment and control groups or randomly selected from a population where the groups occur naturally.<br />
<br />
These procedures seek to partition the total variance into its components by the analysis of sums of squared terms derived from the data. Where the effect of a variable confounds the analysis, the effect of the variable may be removed or controlled by a covariance adjustment. <img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0415165652" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" /><br />
<br />
However, alternative procedures of analysis, such as regression analysis, must be used where the variable, whose effects are being controlled in statistical analysis, might have influenced the treatment conditions under consideration. Where there is more than one criterion variable, the term multivariate analysis is commonly employed.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-71185208901958725622011-03-23T16:33:00.002+07:002011-12-03T13:07:40.347+07:00Beta<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Complete-Idiots-Guide-Statistics-2nd/dp/1592576346?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="The Complete Idiot's Guide to Statistics, 2nd Edition" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=1592576346&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a>(1) A beta coefficient is a standardised *regression coefficient.<br />
<br />
(2) A beta level involves the probability of accepting a null hypothesis when in fact it is false. <br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995<img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=1592576346" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" /><br />
<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-10292167435249331982011-03-18T09:33:00.000+07:002011-12-03T13:08:01.203+07:00Attitude Measures<a href="http://www.amazon.com/National-Examinations-Procedures-Fundamentals-Educational/dp/9280311549?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="National Examinations: Design, Procedures and Reporting (Fundamentals of Educational Planning)" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=9280311549&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=9280311549" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />Instruments are developed in educational and behavioural science research to measure the positive or negative evaluation and disposition of individuals towards objects of attention, including people, groups, policies, practices and abstract concepts and relationships.<br />
<br />
Such attitudes are learned and internalised and are consequently relatively persistent and stable characteristics of individuals. Attitude measures commonly involve a scaled series of statements or questions designed to assess the strength and direction of the underlying attitude.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P.Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-57441364854145606772011-03-16T09:52:00.002+07:002011-12-03T13:08:23.035+07:00Alternative Hypothesis<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Discovering-Statistics-Introducing-Statistical-Methods/dp/1847879071?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (Introducing Statistical Methods)" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=1847879071&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a>Any hypothesis that is contrasted with the one being tested, commonly the null hypothesis (H0) of no effect, is referred to as the alternative hypothesis (H1).<br />
<br />
Rejection of the null hypothesis implies that the alternative hypothesis, commonly the hypothesis of interest in research and sometimes referred to as the research hypothesis can be accepted.<br />
<br />
Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995Sulaiman Mappiassehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10688128241351738989noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-44826868127291162842010-04-26T12:43:00.000+07:002010-04-26T12:43:07.941+07:00SPSS Inc. has been acquired by IBM<a href="http://www.amazon.com/AWESOME-IBM-T40-1-5GHZ-LAPTOP/dp/B000MRCFBI?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="AWESOME IBM T40 1.5GHZ 512MB 40GB CDRW/DVD WIFI XP PRO LAPTOP" height="320" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=B000MRCFBI&tag=centeeducaind-20" width="320" /></a>SPSS Inc. has been acquired by IBM. <a href="http://www.spss.com/ibm-announce/">Find more ...<img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=B000MRCFBI" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" /></a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-65590692701039760652010-04-26T12:34:00.000+07:002010-04-26T12:34:09.729+07:00Modeling in SPSSUncover key insights and use them to solve real business problems, with the Modeling family from SPSS, an IBM Company. <a href="http://www.spss.com/software/modeling/">Find more ...</a> <br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-35662347192098216902010-04-26T12:32:00.000+07:002010-04-26T12:32:01.581+07:00Harvard Business Review: Make Better Decisions<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Harvard-Business-Review/dp/B00007AXR5?ie=UTF8&tag=centeeducaind-20&link_code=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Harvard Business Review" src="http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=B00007AXR5&tag=centeeducaind-20" /></a>Traditionally, decision making in organizations has rarely been the focus of systematic analysis.<br />
<br />
That may account for the astounding number of recent poor calls, such as decisions to invest in and securitize subprime mortgage loans or to hedge risk with credit default swaps.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.spss.com/register/index.cfm">Find more ...</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=centeeducaind-20&l=bil&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=B00007AXR5" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-40183063599684663432008-12-03T11:08:00.003+07:002011-12-03T13:09:04.103+07:00Affective Domain, Aggregation Bias, and Alpha<iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=centeeducaind-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=0335223664&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe><br />
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.palioijayabiz.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=57&limitstart=1" target="_blank">Affective domain</a>: In the classification of educational objectives, those objectives concerned with attitudes, interests and values are said to involve 'affect' or emotion and feelings and are considered to lie in the affective domain in contrast to the *cognitive or *psychomotor domains.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.palioijayabiz.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=57&limitstart=1" target="_blank">Aggregation bias</a>: The combining of students within classrooms or schools in the analysis of data commonly gives rise to inflated estimates of effect when the data are analysed at the group rather than the individual level. Unbiased estimates of effect are only obtained through procedures of *multilevel analysis. Failure to allow for aggregation bias and the effects of data aggregation are the most frequent sources of error in statistical analysis in educational research.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.palioijayabiz.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=57&limitstart=1" target="_blank">Alpha (a)</a> (1) See * coefficient alpha. (2) An alpha level involves the *probability of rejecting a *null hypothesis when in fact it is true.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Compiled by<br />
John P. Keeves<br />
1995</blockquote></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7723534599368245781.post-62228182814681020772008-10-30T04:59:00.003+07:002011-12-03T13:09:35.984+07:00Acquiescence<iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=centeeducaind-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=047048764X&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="align: left; height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe><br />
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<div align="left">
<div align="justify">
<a href="http://www.palioijayabiz.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=57" target="_blank">Acquiescence</a>: The tendency or predisposition by some individuals to provide an 'agree' response, or to say 'yes' to a statement, without regard for what they think or feel, because to do so is considered socially desirable. [ERMM, 425] </div>
</div>
<div align="justify">
Syn: yea-saying, social desirability bias, compliance effect. </div>
<blockquote>
<small>Compiled by John P. Keeves 1995 </small></blockquote>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0